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Ndumiso, along with approximately 600 other men, resides and works in a small gang-run “town” deep underground in a disused gold mine in South Africa. This underground community features markets and a red light district. Ndumiso, a former employee of a large mining company, chose to become a “zama zama” – an illegal miner – after being laid off. He digs for gold underground and emerges every few months to sell it on the black market for a substantial profit, despite the extreme risks involved.
The 52-year-old described the harsh reality of underground life, where many do not survive. He mentioned the existence of a section of the shaft known as the “zama-zama graveyard,” filled with bodies and skeletons. Despite the dangers, Ndumiso finds the job lucrative and has been able to provide for his family by purchasing a house and sending his children to school.
The current situation in the underground mine in Stilfontein, where Ndumiso works, has garnered attention due to a government crackdown on illegal mining activities. The miners are facing a stand-off with the authorities, who are attempting to end the illegal operations. President Cyril Ramaphosa referred to the mine as a “crime scene” and emphasized the need to address the issue of illegal mining in South Africa.
Ndumiso’s story sheds light on the challenges faced by many former mine workers who turn to illegal mining as a means of survival. Despite the risks and difficulties, Ndumiso has managed to secure a better life for his family through his work as a zama zama, highlighting the complex nature of the illegal mining industry in South Africa.