‘Oksigen gelap’ yang ditemukan di dasar laut meningkatkan taruhan untuk negosiasi pertambangan di lautan dalam

The recent discovery of “dark oxygen” in the deep ocean is intensifying discussions on whether to mine the seafloor for battery materials and how to safeguard marine life in the process. During the International Seabed Authority’s (ISA) annual meetings in Kingston, Jamaica, which concluded on Friday, rules for deep-sea mining were a focal point of negotiations. Following the meetings, a mining company announced its intention to submit the first-ever application to extract minerals from the deep sea, sparking a rush to establish regulations before mining commences.

The revelation of “dark oxygen” from the abyssal seafloor, published in a prestigious journal in July, has raised concerns about the potential risks posed by mining activities on deep-sea life. This newfound discovery has led to calls for a moratorium on mining until further research can be conducted to fully understand the implications. The President of Palau, Surangel Whipps Jr., emphasized the importance of decisions made during the ISA Assembly in shaping the future health and productivity of the oceans.

The existence of dark oxygen, produced without sunlight at depths of 9,842 to 21,325 feet, challenges existing scientific knowledge of oxygen production. It is believed that polymetallic nodules on the seafloor may be generating oxygen through electrolysis, although further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis. The findings have sparked controversy, with the mining company disputing the research and questioning the methods used.

The potential environmental impact of deep-sea mining has prompted calls for caution and further study from scientists, advocates, and policymakers. Many countries are now supporting a ban, moratorium, or precautionary pause on deep-sea mining until regulations are in place to prevent harm to marine ecosystems. The ISA’s timeline for establishing rules by 2025 remains a point of contention, as commercial mining may proceed before regulations are finalized.