Two years into President Biden’s term, his aides began negotiations with Saudi leaders to establish diplomatic relations with Israel. However, talks stalled when the Israel-Hamas war began last October. American and Saudi officials are now close to finalizing a deal that includes a U.S.-Saudi mutual defense pact and cooperation on a civilian nuclear program in Saudi Arabia.
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan have been involved in discussions with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to advance the agreement. However, Israeli leaders have not shown signs of joining the negotiations, despite the potential benefits of establishing ties with Saudi Arabia.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel has rejected calls for a Palestinian state, complicating efforts to reach a comprehensive agreement. The Biden administration sees a deal involving a Palestinian nation as crucial for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the long term.
Saudi and American officials are working towards a package deal that includes a defense treaty, civilian nuclear program cooperation, and potential trade agreements with Israel. However, progress is hindered by Israel’s reluctance to commit to a Palestinian state.
Efforts to secure a sustainable cease-fire in Gaza have also faced challenges, with Israel hesitating to make permanent commitments. Saudi officials are cautious about the political implications of normalizing relations with Israel without significant progress on the Palestinian issue.
The Biden administration’s willingness to grant a mutual defense treaty to Saudi Arabia marks a departure from previous human rights concerns. The proposed treaty is modeled after existing agreements with U.S. allies in Asia, with provisions to trigger mutual defense in specific circumstances.
Saudi Arabia’s primary concern remains Iran’s threat, prompting efforts to secure U.S. support through defense agreements. Negotiations also include commitments to limit cooperation with China and maintain oil purchases in dollars.
Overall, the proposed agreement aims to address regional security concerns, advance diplomatic relations, and lay the groundwork for a comprehensive solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.